Research Information System
Thesis Type: Postgraduate
Institution Of The Thesis: Gazi University, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Turkey
Approval Date: 2023
Thesis Language: Turkish
Student: Sadriye Gökçe KARA
Supervisor: Deniz Yüzbaşıoğlu
Abstract:
Today, ready-to-eat foods are highly preferred and different additives are added to these foods. Colourants added to foods are used to give them colour and make them more attractive and palatable. Carmoisine (E-122) and Ponceau 4R (E-124) are the most commonly preferred food colourings. The in vitro genotoxic effects of these two food dyes were investigated in human peripheral lymphocytes using chromosome abnormalities (CA), sister chromatid exchange (SCE), cytokinesis block micronucleus cytome (CBMN Cyt) and comet assays. For this purpose, four different concentrations of Carmoisine and Ponceau 4R (37.5, 75, 150, 300 µg/mL) were applied to the lymphocytes. Both food colourings significantly increased CA and SCE frequencies only at the highest concentration. When the mitotic index (MI) results were analysed, it was observed that there was a significant decrease in all concentrations except the lowest concentration in 24 h treatment of Carmoisine and in 48 h treatment at the two highest concentrations (150, 300 µg/mL) compared to the control. Ponceau 4R caused a decrease in mitotic index values compared to the control at all concentrations except the lowest concentration in 24 h treatment and at all concentrations in 48 h treatment. Carmoisine and Ponceau 4R did not affect the MN frequency. According to the Comet test results, Carmoisine statistically increased only the tail length at the highest concentration. Ponceau 4R significantly increased tail length at the two highest concentrations and tail moment only at the highest concentration. Neither colorants had a significant effect on comet tail density. When the results of all genotoxicity tests are evaluated together, it is concluded that these two colourants have genotoxic and cytotoxic effects under in vitro conditions, especially at high concentrations. Low concentrations did not exhibit genotoxic effects.
Key Words
: Carmoisine, Ponceau 4R, genotoxicity, mutagenicity, human
lymphocytes