In vitro genotoxicity assessment of monopotassium glutamate and magnesium diglutamate

Avuloglu-Yilmaz E., Yüzbaşıoğlu D., Ünal F.

TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO, vol.65, 2020 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 65
  • Publication Date: 2020
  • Doi Number: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104780
  • Journal Name: TOXICOLOGY IN VITRO
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Agricultural & Environmental Science Database, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, EMBASE, Environment Index, MEDLINE, Veterinary Science Database
  • Keywords: Food additives, Genotoxicity, Chromosomal aberrations, Sister chromatid exchanges, Micronucleus-cytome, Comet assay, MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE, COMET ASSAY, CHROMOSOMAL-ABERRATIONS, OXIDATIVE DAMAGE, MODULATORY ROLE, FOOD-ADDITIVES, WHOLE-BLOOD, DNA-DAMAGE, VITAMIN-E, LYMPHOCYTES
  • Gazi University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Food additives are approved chemicals used for various purposes in foods; to provide nutritional safety, increase flavor, extend shelf life, reduce nutrient losses etc. In this study, the in vitro genotoxic effects of flavor enhancers, Monopotassium glutamate (MPG) and Magnesium diglutamate (MDG) were investigated in human peripheral blood lymphocytes by using chromosome aberrations (CAs), sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs), cytokinesisblock micronucleus cytome (CBMN-Cyt), and comet assays. Four concentrations of MPG (125, 250, 500, and 1000 mu g/mL) and MDG (93.75, 187.5, 375, and 750 mu g/mL) were used. Both food additives significantly reduced mitotic index and increased the frequency of CAs at high concentrations. MPG and MDG (except 93.75 mu g/mL) significantly increased SCEs/Cell in concentration-dependent manner. In the CBMN-Cyt test, both MPG and MDG increased the formation of micronucleus, nuclear buds, and nucleoplasmic bridges compared to control in a concentration-dependent manner. However, these increases were statistically significant at higher concentrations. MPG (at 500 and 1000 mu g/mL) and MDG (except 93.75 mu g/mL) significantly increased DNA damages observed by comet assay. It is concluded from these results that MPG and MDG have clastogenic, mutagenic, aneugenic, and cytotoxic effects, particularly at high concentrations in human lymphocytes in vitro.