A Multi-Layer Conceptual Security Architecture Toward Robust and Resilient SDN-Enabled Smart Grids

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SAĞIROĞLU Ş., DEMİRCİ M., ATAY Y., DENER M., DEMİRCİ M. S., KARA A., ...Daha Fazla

International Journal of Smart Grid, cilt.10, sa.3, ss.225-236, 2026 (Scopus)

Özet

Smart grids integrate advanced communication and control technologies to improve the efficiency and reliability of power delivery, but their interconnected and heterogeneous nature expands the attack surface. Recent attacks ranging from malware to false data injection have demonstrated the need for robust, layered defenses spanning physical devices, network infrastructure, control systems, and applications. Software-defined networking (SDN) offers centralized, programmable control over grid communications to dynamically isolate threats and reroute traffic during attacks. Securing SDN-enabled smart grids requires a defense-in-depth approach that combines diverse emerging technologies. This paper proposes a multi-layer conceptual security architecture leveraging blockchain for data integrity, explainable AI for transparent decision-making, generative AI for adaptive threat detection, quantum-safe cryptography for future resilience, big data analytics for anomaly detection, and radio frequency fingerprinting for device authentication. We present our model and discuss how each component contributes to a cohesive security architecture. We also identify open research challenges for integrating these solutions seamlessly to move toward more secure grids in the future.