Aim&Background: This study aims to compare efficacy of caries removal between chemomechanical caries removal agent Brix 3000® and conventional method using DIAGNOdent™ Pen, caries detection dye, microbial culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods. Methods: The study involved 64 primary molars with dentin caries between March and June 2022. Standardization was achieved based on ICDAS-II criteria (score 6) and DIAGNOdent™ Pen measurements (30 and above). Caries were removed using conventional method (32) and Brix 3000® (32). Following this, dentin samples were collected and measurements were made with the DIAGNOdent™ Pen to evaluate the presence of residual caries in both groups. After the measurements, the presence of residual caries was evaluated in both groups using caries detection dye. The decrease in values obtained by microbial culture and real-time PCR methods of dentin samples taken before and after caries removal was evaluated. Results: When DIAGNOdent™ Pen and caries detection dye was evaluated caries removal efficiency of the conventional method was found to be higher (p0.05). The caries removal efficiency of Brix 3000® was found to be higher as a result of the evaluation of the with real-time PCR for S. mutans (p<0.05). Conclusions: It is thought that Brix 3000® is an effective agent for caries removal and can be an alternative agent to the conventional method, especially considering its disadvantages in children. Clinical significance: The use of Brix 3000® preserves sound tooth structure, unlike the burs used in conventional caries removal methods. It is also very important in preventing patient discomfort.