A new modified electrode for the simultaneous determination of hydroquinone and catechol in environmental samples and optimization of voltammetric parameters by response surface methodology

Tabanlıgil Calam T.

JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING, cilt.13, sa.5, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 13 Sayı: 5
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.jece.2025.118155
  • Dergi Adı: JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, INSPEC, Veterinary Science Database
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: Catechol, Environment, Hydroquinone, Response surface methodology, Voltammetric determination
  • Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Simultaneous determination of hydroquinone (HQ) and catechol (CC) is not possible due to the overlapping of anodic peaks on bare electrode surfaces. An electrochemical sensor based on the 1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxami-dine (T1C) on the glassy carbon (GC) electrode was prepared for the simultaneous voltammetric determination of HQ and CC isomers. The difference in the potential values of oxidation peaks of HQ and CC was 103 mV after the modification process. The results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that T1C had been successfully attached to the surface of the GC electrode. The oxidation peaks of HQ and CC were used for their quantitative determination with the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique. The DPV technique's parameters were optimized using response surface methodology experimental design. The working ranges of HQ and CC were 0.15 mu M to 257 mu M and 0.22 mu M to 626 mu M, and the limit of detection (LOD) values were found as 64 nM and 76 nM, respectively. The simultaneous determination of HQ and CC in water samples, such as sea, river, and tap water samples, was carried out. The results showed that the 1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-carboxamidine/glassy carbon (T1C/GC) electrode used to simultaneously determine HQ and CC is a promising electrochemical sensor.