Optimization of The Tilt Angle of Solar Panels for Six Cities in Iraq

Endowed with significant solar energy potential, Iraq must undertake strategic measures to address the escalating energy demands. The efficacy of photovoltaic (PV) panels is intricately tied to the inclination angle; hence, ensuring the optimal tilt angle is imperative for maximizing PV panel energy output. This study utilizes the PVGIS simulation tool to predict the maximum energy production of solar energy systems in different cities in Iraq. Simulation results, considering factors such as latitude, tilt angles, and energy production, provide predictions for these cities' monthly, seasonal, and annual energy production. The results show that the maximum energy production in all cities, depending on the angle of impact of the sun's rays, is achieved between March and October at low tilt angle values. Although energy production is low in the winter period, it can be increased by increasing the optimum tilt angle value. With seasonal and monthly tilt angle changes, annual energy production can be increased from 4.30% to 5.43% in all cities. Ramadi has the highest electricity production in all optimum tilt angle selection scenarios covering different periods. Basrah and Baghdad follow this city. Zakho, Mosul, and Kirkuk have the lowest electricity production in the country's north. These results underscore the importance of selecting the optimal location and tilt angle for installing solar energy facilities to accurately assess the solar energy potential of Iraq and its surrounding countries.