Torsion Behavior of FDM Parts: Effects of Layer Thickness and Scanning Strategy in PLA, ABS, and PETG
JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS, 2026 (ESCI, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1142/s0219686728500230
- Dergi Adı: JOURNAL OF ADVANCED MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus, Compendex, INSPEC, Business Source Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
In this study, the torsional behavior of PLA, ABS, and PETG materials produced by the FDM method using different layer thicknesses and scanning strategies was examined in an integrated manner. Three different layer thicknesses of 0.09, 0.18, and 0.27 mm were used in the research, and in addition to these, three different scanning strategies, namely concentric, linear, and Archimedean chord, were applied. By evaluating all combinations of these parameters, a total of 27 different specimen configurations were produced with three repetitions, and each specimen was subjected to controlled torsion tests. During the experiments, torque and rotation angle were continuously recorded, and thus torque-rotation angle curves were obtained for each sample. The maximum torsional moment was evaluated as the primary indicator of mechanical performance. The results obtained show that the type of material has a decisive effect on torsional strength. PLA specimens exhibited the highest torsional strength, with maximum torque values ranging between 9.5 Nm and 11.3 Nm. PETG specimens showed values in the range of 7.0-8.9 Nm, indicating an intermediate level of performance, while ABS material gave the lowest torsional resistance with values ranging between 5.0 Nm and 7.3 Nm. In the study, it was determined that the scanning strategy also has a significant effect on torsional strength. Linear scanning provided the highest torque values for all materials since it directly supports the load transfer path of the filaments. In contrast, the Archimedean chord scanning pattern, which creates curved and discontinuous load paths, produced the lowest performance. The study also showed that layer thickness has a strong effect on torsional strength. Specimens produced with a layer thickness of 0.09 mm reached higher maximum torque values, whereas specimens with 0.18 mm and 0.27 mm layer thickness exhibited earlier softening and loss of strength. The contour plots created with the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) confirm that low layer thickness and linear scanning form the best performance region for all materials. These findings reveal that the behavior of FDM-produced parts under torsional loads is determined by the interaction of material properties and filament placement strategy and provide an important guideline for design optimization.