Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
IEEE 13th International Conference on Smart Grid (icSmartGrid), Glasgow, İngiltere, 27 - 29 Mayıs 2025, ss.809-815, (Tam Metin Bildiri)
This paper presents a comprehensive technical evaluation of the large-scale blackout that occurred on April 28, 2025, across the Iberian Peninsula, with a particular focus on its impact on both the Spanish and the Portuguese power grids. The event is analyzed in the context of high renewable energy penetration, a dominance of inverter-based resources (IBRs), and significantly reduced system inertia. The study investigates the sequence of disturbances that led to cascading failures and ultimately the electrical isolation of the Iberian grid from continental Europe. Emphasis is placed on the dynamic interactions between market-driven dispatch conditions, reverse power flows, and the absence of fast-acting frequency support. Findings reveal that despite high renewable generation, the lack of grid-forming capabilities, limited operational flexibility, and structurally constrained interconnections critically weakened the system's resilience. The study concludes with key recommendations for enhancing grid stability in low-inertia power systems, including the integration of grid-forming inverters, improved reserve mechanisms, and stronger coordination between market operations and real-time system security planning.