Active vibration damping in shape memory alloy reinforced composite structures: a review on technologies, mechanisms, and current challenges

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Nazlim O., TAŞKESEN A.

JOURNAL OF POLYTECHNIC-POLITEKNIK DERGISI, cilt.29, sa.4, 2026 (ESCI)

Özet

Shape memory alloys (SMAs), Aparticularly nickel-titanium (NiTi) based systems, are attracting increasing interest in the field of active vibration control due to their capacity to convert heat into mechanical energy through austenite and martensitic phase transformations. This review systematically surveys and critically evaluates the published literature covering vibration damping mechanisms, applied control strategies, and current design limitations in SMA-reinforced smart composite structures. Within the scope of the survey, peer-reviewed articles, conference proceedings, and technical reports from the 1990s to the present were examined using the Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases; keyword combinations such as "shape memory alloy," A"active vibration control," "NiTi composite," and "martensitic transformation" were utilized. The main themes covered throughout the compilation are: thermoelastic behavior and damping capacity of SHAs, hybrid integration methods with fiber-reinforced polymer matrices, embedded and surface-mounted actuator configurations, and the adaptation of real-time control algorithms to composite system dynamics. The data reveal that NiTi fiber concentration and pre-strain level have a decisive effect on the damping ratio; however, precisely elucidating these relationships seems difficult due to inconsistencies in the experimental protocols. Thermomechanical fatigue, the preservation of phase transformation integrity during manufacturing processes, and the sensitivity of phase transition temperatures to environmental variables emerge as the fundamental obstacles facing the field. Consequently, the development of standardized characterization protocols, the enhancement of multiscale modeling approaches, and the intensification of research toward industrial-scale manufacturing applications are considered priority directions for the advancement of the field..