Yılmaz K., Ekim F. Y., Günal A. Ç., Erkmen B., Yüce P. A., Yıldırım Z., ...Daha Fazla
NOTULAE SCIENTIA BIOLOGICAE, cilt.18, sa.2, ss.1-8, 2026 (Scopus)
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Yayın Türü:
Makale / Tam Makale
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Cilt numarası:
18
Sayı:
2
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Basım Tarihi:
2026
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Doi Numarası:
10.55779/nsb18212875
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Dergi Adı:
NOTULAE SCIENTIA BIOLOGICAE
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Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler:
Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), East & Central Europe Database (ProQuest), Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Scopus, CAB Abstracts, Directory of Open Access Journals
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Sayfa Sayıları:
ss.1-8
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Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli:
Evet
Özet
Sodium pyrithione (NaPT) is widely used as a biocide in laundry detergents and anti-dandruff shampoos. The sublethal effects of NaPT on the freshwater mussel model organism Unio sp. were assessed using multiple biomarkers. A semi-static bioassay was established, and mussels were exposed to an environmentally relevant concentration of 5 μg L⁻¹ NaPT for 96 h. Total hemocyte counts did not differ significantly between the control (C) and experimental (E) groups, although the exposed group showed higher mean counts. Malondialdehyde (MDA), used as a lipid peroxidation biomarker, increased significantly in digestive gland (DG) tissues compared with controls (p<0.001), indicating lipid peroxidation. Gill (G) MDA levels also increased, but not significantly (p>0.05). GSH levels increased significantly in DG (p<0.05), whereas the increase in gill tissue was not significant (p>0.05). AOPP values in the digestive glands and gills of exposed mussels showed significant decreases compared with controls (p<0.05). SOD values decreased in DG but not significantly, whereas nonsignificant increases were recorded in G. The same trend was observed for GPx in DG, while G showed a slight decrease in GPx values. No histopathological alterations were observed in control tissues or in the gonads (ovary and testes), muscle, and mantle tissues of exposed mussels. Hydropic degeneration was observed in DG, and hyperplasia was detected in G. TUNEL analysis showed genotoxic damage, with intense apoptotic cells in DG and testes tissues compared with the control group, whereas no significant findings were observed in the gill and ovary tissues. These results indicate that sublethal NaPT exposure affects several tissues and antioxidant defence systems of freshwater Unio sp.