Hydrothermal growth dynamics of TiO2 nanorods on p-Si: Linking reaction time to structural evolution and optoelectronic device performance


Izmirli S., Çavdar Ş.

Materials Today Nano, cilt.33, ss.100759-100777, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 33
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.mtnano.2026.100759
  • Dergi Adı: Materials Today Nano
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Scopus, Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.100759-100777
  • Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

In this study, the structural, morphological, and electrical properties of TiO 2 nanorod (TNR)-based heterojunction devices synthesized on p-Si substrates using the hydrothermal method for different durations were comprehensively investigated. During the production process, reaction kinetics and growth dynamics were also evaluated; ion transport and crystal growth activities were discussed in detail, starting from the nucleation stage. SEM images showed that the lengths of TNR structures produced with hydrothermal reaction times of 1, 2, 3, and 4 h increased from 355 nm to 1.78 μ 280–300 nm. XRD analyses revealed that the dominant phase in all samples was rutile TiO 2 m, while their diameters increased from 30–40 nm to , and that the growth dynamics occurred in the (101) plane, while growth in the (002) and (110) planes supported the formation of the crystal structure. In the I-V characterization of heterojunction devices produced with TNRs of different thicknesses, devices with thin TNR interfaces stood out with their strong rectification behavior, low ideality factors, and strong photodiode performance. However, with the growth of TNR structures, the diode character was lost. In the photodetector performance metrics of the devices, devices with thin TNR interfaces also exhibited higher photoresponsivity (R ph ) and photosensitivity (S ph ) behavior. Furthermore, these devices offered high detectivity (D*) even at low light intensities. The results obtained confirm that the hydrothermal production parameters optimized in this study are crucial for TNR morphology.