Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
PLANARCH - Design and planning research (Online), cilt.10, sa.2, ss.193-203, 2026 (TRDizin)
The integration of 3D-printed Construction and Demolition Waste (CDW)-based geopolymer panels into building facades presents a technologically significant frontier that bridges digital fabrication, sustainable material science, and constructive detailing. While 3D printing has gained considerable research attention for structural and freeform applications, studies that document the complete process chain - from mix design and laboratory production to full facade system integration - remain limited. This paper presents a design-based experimental study in which CDW-based geopolymer facade panels were produced via 3D Concrete Printing (3DCP) under laboratory conditions. The study systematically documents the production process, the geometric and technical properties of the panels, and the constructive details required for their application to a real facade system. Key topics addressed include substructure selection, connection typology, joint design, and corner and opening solutions. The findings demonstrate that panel design decisions made during the production phase directly condition the feasibility of facade assembly, and that applicability depends not only on material performance but on the coherence of the panel within a broader system of substructure, connection, and joint resolution. The total material and labor cost of the retrofit application was $329.659 for the 13.5 m2 facade, equivalent to approximately $25/m2 - a figure competitive with conventional prefabricated cladding systems applied at comparable scale. Labor accounted for $167.25 (50.73% of total cost) across two installation days with three workers, while materials (aluminum L-profiles and polyurethane adhesive) accounted for $162.409 (50.27% of total cost).