Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE, cilt.144, ss.1-17, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
The effective temperature management for prismatic lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄) battery packs in photovoltaic (PV)-based Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) is essential for battery performance, lifespan, and safety. In this paper, the thermal-structural optimization on the heat dissipation performance of a prismatic LiFePO₄ battery pack for photovoltaic energy storage with Grey Relation Analysis (GRA) was investigated. The Taguchi experimental design was performed as L9 orthogonal array to analyze the effects of inter-cell spacing (x and y), discharge rate (C-rate), and air velocity on the thermal (cooling) performance by numerical simulation using ANSYS Fluent on the thermal-structural optimization. The optimal structural configuration has identified as inter-cell spacing of x = 20 mm (A2), y = 10 mm (B1), C-rate of 0.7C-rate (C1) and air velocity of 4 m/s (D3). The maximum temperature (Tₘₐₓ), temperature difference (ΔT), compact module volume and the highest thermal-hydraulic performance ratio without fin of the optimum configurations were determined as 308 K, 0.672 K, 22,153 cm3 and 0.49, respectively, corresponding to an 11 K reduction in average temperature and a 3.4 % thermal efficiency improvement with A2B1C1D3. ANOVA identified the C-rate as the leading factor with 81.12 % contribution ratio followed by air velocity (v) with 7.59 %. Subsequently, the effects of cylindrical, conical, and prismatic fin-assisted cooling were investigated on the selected optimal structural design. The temperatures on the cylindrical, conical and prismatic fin-assisted cooling have computed as 304.8 K, 305.3 K and 305.6 K, respectively. The structural without fin exhibits the lowest pressure drop (231 Pa) whereas the conical, prismatic and cylindrical fins have 865 Pa, 811 Pa and 578 Pa pressure drops. The best thermal-hydraulic performance ratio (Φ) was calculated as 0.52 for the cylindrical fin-assisted cooling, which represents an improvement of 6 % compared to the finless structure. The regression equations were developed for lowest and highest temperature (Tmax, Tmin) and the thermal–hydraulic performance ratio (Φ) and the R2 values have calculated high predictive accuracy as 0.998, 0.999 and 0.980, respectively. As a result, this work will provide a significant reference and valuable guidance for designing improved fin-assisted cooling on a prismatic LiFePO₄ battery module in PV-based BESS applications.