Biodegradable Magnesium Bone Plates; Simulation Based Predictive Model for Controlled Degradation

Biodegradable materials have garnered significant attention in the field of orthopedics as an innovative solution for fracture fixation devices. Among these materials, magnesium (Mg) alloys have emerged as promising candidates due to their biocompatibility and mechanical properties closely resembling those of human bone. Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques, such as 3D printing, have revolutionized the production of biodegradable Mg bone plates, offering precise control over the geometry and structure of the implants.

However, one of the primary challenges associated with Mg implants is their fast degradation rate, which can compromise their structural integrity and performance. Corrosion, and Hydrogen Evolution are the main causes for fast degradation of Mg implants. Coatings play a crucial role in controlling the degradation rate of magnesium (Mg) implants. They act as protective barriers between the Mg implant and the surrounding physiological environment, slowing down the corrosion process and thereby influencing the overall degradation kinetics. Polylactic Acid (PLA) and Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), Hydroxyapatite (HA), Phosphate-Based Coatings, Hydroxyapatite-Polymer Composites, and Metallic Coatings, can offer both mechanical strength and controlled degradation characteristics.

In this current study we developed a simulation model to estimate the degradation behavior of Mg implants which can successfully predict their fast degradation rate and changes in the shape with respect to time. As this is ongoing work, in the later stage we will perform in-vitro tests after developing certain coatings on the bone implants and improve their degradation time. In addition, changes in the shape of the bone implant will also be predicted and problems with it will be rectified. This work aims to offer meaningful guidelines for researchers for future study.

Keywords: Mg Implant, Additive Manufacturing, Coatings, Degradation Simulation, Bone Plate