Assessing of Wind and Wave Climate Changes in Iskenderun Bay (Southeastern Turkey) During 1971–2021
5th Euro-Mediterranean Conference for Environmental Integration, EMCEI 2023, Cosenza, İtalya, 2 - 05 Ekim 2023, ss.3-7, (Tam Metin Bildiri)
- Yayın Türü: Bildiri / Tam Metin Bildiri
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/978-3-032-16577-0_1
- Basıldığı Şehir: Cosenza
- Basıldığı Ülke: İtalya
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.3-7
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Climate change, Coastal vulnerability, HYDROTAM-3D model, Sea level rise, Wind and wave climate
- Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The eastern Mediterranean region is highly vulnerable to rising sea levels due to climate change affecting adjacent areas and moderately shallow depths. Specifically, the southeastern coast of Turkey is experiencing notable impacts from climate change, including alterations in wind and wave patterns that contribute significantly to sea level rise. This study focuses on Iskenderun Bay to evaluate the influences of wind and wave climate changes on the southeastern coast of Turkey. Long-term analyses of changes in sea level, storm surges, and wind and wave climates in the bay were performed using the 50-year database between the years of 1971 and 2021 obtained from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ECMWF ERA-5) and shoreline meteorological stations. The three-dimensional hydrodynamic model HYDROTAM-3D, a GIS-based cloud computing system, enabled long-term statistical analysis and climate studies of wind and wave. The study modeled the percentage rises in sea level, significant wave height, storm surge, and wind speed for Iskenderun Bay, indicating increases in average and maximum wind speeds by 17% and 23%, respectively. Statistical analysis of wave data indicated a 7% reduction in yearly calmness. Hydrodynamic modeling showed a 13% rise in storm surge heights and an average sea level increase of 1.2 mm annually in Iskenderun Bay throughout the study. Modeling these impacts and mitigating rising sea levels necessitate effective local, national, and worldwide management efforts.