Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International Scientific Compilation Research Congress V, Ankara, Türkiye, Ankara, Türkiye, 1 - 03 Mart 2026, ss.452-466, (Tam Metin Bildiri)
Soil salinity is one of the most critical abiotic stress factors limiting agricultural productivity worldwide, inducing ionic imbalance, osmotic stress, and oxidative damage in plants. Elevated salinity leads to toxic accumulation of Na⁺ and Cl⁻ ions, disruption of membrane stability, suppression of photosynthetic efficiency, and significant growth inhibition. Conventional stress mitigation strategies often show limited effectiveness, necessitating the development of more targeted and innovative approaches. Nanotechnology-based applications, particularly metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, have emerged as promising tools for alleviating the detrimental effects of salinity stress. This review critically evaluates the roles of zinc oxide (ZnO), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), calcium (Ca), gold (Au), and selenium (Se) nanoparticles in enhancing plant salinity tolerance. Current literature demonstrates that nanoparticles improve plant performance through multiple mechanisms, including regulation of ionic homeostasis, activation of antioxidant defence systems, stabilisation of photosynthetic processes, modulation of hormonal signalling pathways, and reprogramming of stress-related gene expression. However, nanoparticle-induced responses are highly dependent on particle size, concentration, application method, and plant species, while excessive doses may result in phytotoxic effects. Overall, metal nanoparticles are powerful biostimulants and regulatory agents for managing salinity stress. Nevertheless, ensuring their safe and sustainable agricultural application requires careful dose optimisation, standardised formulation strategies, and comprehensive long-term environmental risk assessments.