Optimal controller design of time-delayed load frequency control systems enhanced with virtual inertia control
Sadhana - Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences, cilt.51, sa.3, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 51 Sayı: 3
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s12046-026-03301-7
- Dergi Adı: Sadhana - Academy Proceedings in Engineering Sciences
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Aerospace Database, Compendex, INSPEC, MathSciNet, zbMATH, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Heuristic algorithms, load frequency control, optimization, time delay, virtual inertia and damping
- Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
The growing incorporation of renewable energy sources (RESs) in power systems may lead to frequency instability due to reduced system inertia. Additionally, communication-induced time delays may further hinder dynamic performance, exacerbating frequency fluctuations. This study integrates virtual inertia and damping (VID) methodology into the load frequency control (LFC) framework to improve system stability and frequency regulation. Stability Boundary Locus (SBL) method is utilized to ascertain the range of Proportional-Integral (PI) controller gains that provide stability in a delayed two-area LFC-VID system. Subsequently, various heuristic optimization algorithms—specifically Crow Search, Particle Swarm, Vortex Search, Sine-Cosine, Grey Wolf, and Salp Swarm—are utilized to optimize the PI parameters for enhanced system efficiency. The integral square error (ISE) functions as the objective criterion for all optimization techniques. The proposed methodology is corroborated by time-domain simulations conducted in Matlab/Simulink.