Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of Water Process Engineering, cilt.80, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This review provides a comprehensive overview of the use of turbulence modeling approaches in water treatment systems in light of modeling techniques and experimental validation processes. The inherently multiscale and chaotic character of turbulence makes the direct solution of the classical Navier-Stokes equations both theoretically and computationally challenging. In this context, the main differences between direct numerical simulation (DNS), large eddy simulation (LES), and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) methods are compared in terms of computational cost, solution accuracy, and application area. The performance of different turbulence models in unit operations such as various reactors, pipe flows, and settling ponds used in water treatment applications is evaluated through case studies supported by literature. Additionally, the experimental techniques (PIV, LDA, tracer tests, etc.) used to validate these models are discussed in terms of their reliability. The findings show that LES and DNS methods are superior to RANS models in complex flow structures due to their capacity to provide high-resolution details; however, RANS is widely preferred in engineering applications due to its low-cost advantage. As a result, it is emphasized that model selection should be made carefully according to the application purpose, system scale, and accuracy requirement.