Strength-gradient multilayer zirconia ceramics: A narrative review of the mechanical and optical properties

Yılmaz Biçer E., Kaynak Öztürk E., Bankoğlu Güngör M.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY, cilt.108, sa.11, 2025 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 108 Sayı: 11
  • Basım Tarihi: 2025
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1111/jace.20711
  • Dergi Adı: JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Periodicals Index Online, Aerospace Database, Applied Science & Technology Source, Art Source, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Communication Abstracts, Compendex, Computer & Applied Sciences, EBSCO Education Source, INSPEC, Metadex, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the mechanical and optical properties of strength-gradient multilayer zirconia ceramics, which have increasingly been adopted in dental restorations due to their favorable combination of esthetic appeal and mechanical functionality. The review begins by outlining the evolution of multilayer zirconia ceramics, emphasizing the transition from monolithic, uniformly structured zirconia to contemporary strength-gradient designs. These newer systems strategically vary in composition and microstructure across the layers, typically incorporating higher concentrations of yttria in the incisal region to enhance translucency and lower concentrations in the cervical or dentin regions to maintain strength. The review highlights key advancements in multilayer zirconia materials and focuses on the mechanical and optical properties of the strength-gradient multilayer zirconia ceramics. Studies on the strength gradient multilayer zirconia ceramics have generally focused on the effects of material type, aging, and sintering protocols on the mechanical and optical properties. The gradient design influences mechanical properties such as flexural strength, fatigue resistance, and wear performance. In contrast, optical properties, including translucency and color stability, show potential but remain inferior to glass ceramics in some clinical situations.