JOM, cilt.73, sa.12, ss.4085-4090, 2021 (SCI-Expanded)
This work evaluates the evolution of electrochemical parameters, such as voltage and impedance spectra, to determine the state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and electrolyte level of vented NiCd batteries. Similar to previous studies on lead acid batteries, valuable results are presented for SOC estimation based on open-circuit voltage. Some promising results have been identified for the SOH estimation, and the electrolyte level has been correlated with certain parameters of the selected equivalent electric circuits derived by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The correlations of these parameters with the battery states enable the development of monitoring protocols for the NiCd technology, thus reducing operational and maintenance costs.