In terms of energy efficiency and environmental effects, it is important to keep the cooling performance at the maximum level and the energy consumption at the minimum level in industrial cooling systems. Compressors are the most important equipment that affects the cooling efficiency in industrial cooling systems operating according to the mechanical vapor compression cycle. Selecting the compressors in the most appropriate structure and managing them effectively will increase the efficiency of industrial cooling systems and greatly reduce energy consumption. Variable speed compressor technology provides high steady-state efficiency, high seasonal efficiency, and capacity modulation without too frequent on/off operation. The variable speed compressor adjusts its speed according to the frequency change in order to provide continuous constant cooling and works at low speeds for a longer time, thus preventing high energy consumption caused by on/off operation. As a result, cooling systems with variable speed compressors consume less energy than cooling systems with on/off control. In this study, the factors affecting energy consumption in cooling systems with variable speed compressors and on/off controlled cooling systems were investigated and compared. With this study, it is aimed to reveal the effects of compressor control technique on energy consumption in industrial coolers and to shed light on the designers of this information.