Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This study presents the optimization of a grid-connected hybrid microgrid integrated with electric vehicles (EVs). While EV integration may raise concerns about reliability, an innovative design with proper tools can yield significant techno-economic benefits. Using the Gazi University Technology Park as a case study, the concept was validated with HOMER software. Two microgrid configurations, both featuring photovoltaic (PV) systems, battery energy storage (BESS), on-demand and deferrable EV charging stations, and grids with single and multi-time tariff (STT, MTT) options, are evaluated across various scenarios using a year of actual load and meteorological data. The optimal solution included a 400 kW PV, 330 kWh BESS, a 38.4 kW bidirectional converter, an MTT grid, and an on-demand EV charging system. This configuration resulted in a total net present cost of $2,243,114, a cost of energy of $0.1795, a renewable fraction of 43.50%, a return on investment of 94.60%, an internal rate of return of 100.70%, and a simple payback of 0.99 years. A sensitivity analysis evaluated the long-term effects of PV degradation, grid and EV charging price increases, load growth, and EV session changes. The results confirm that the EV-integrated microgrid enhances energy reliability and sustainability, providing significant economic and environmental advantages.