Biofuel production from model bio-oil: impact of perovskite-based catalysts and metal oxide mixtures on upgrading and selectivity
RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES, cilt.52, sa.7, ss.4985-5024, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 52 Sayı: 7
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s11164-026-05936-x
- Dergi Adı: RESEARCH ON CHEMICAL INTERMEDIATES
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex, Environment Index, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Natural Science Collection (ProQuest), Biological Science Database (ProQuest), Engineering Source (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.4985-5024
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Bio-oil, Biofuel, Gasoline, Iso-paraffin, LaFeO3, Perovskite
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Biofuel production was conducted using model bio-oil to examine the upgrading performance of perovskite-based and metal oxide catalysts. Bare and Ce, Co, Sr, Mo, and tungstophosphoric acid-doped LaFeO3 perovskite-based catalysts were synthesized via sol-gel method. The bio-oil upgrading activity of commercial La2O3, alpha-Fe2O3, and alpha-Fe2O3/La2O3 metal oxide catalysts compared to LaFeO3-based catalyst was also investigated. Catalyst properties were characterized by XRD, TGA/DTG, N-2 adsorption/desorption, SEM-EDX, FTIR, DRIFTS, and Raman techniques. Activity tests were performed at 400 degrees C at under atmospheric pressure. A model bio-oil mixture was formulated with hydroxy propanone/formic acid/furfural (2:4:3 mass ratio), and a dilution ratio of 30:70 (bio-oil mixture/alcohol) was applied. Ethanol and methanol were examined as co-reactants. Ethanol-assisted upgrading resulted in higher deoxygenation efficiency and enhanced iso-paraffin selectivity compared to methanol. Increasing the calcination temperature of LaFeO3 from 700 to 800 degrees C improved crystallinity and raised the overall bio-oil conversion from 69.4 to 83.4%. The bare LaFeO3 catalyst calcined at 800 degrees C exhibited high iso-paraffin selectivity (69.4 vol%) and oil-phase selectivity (80.3%). The superior upgrading performance of LaFeO3 was attributed to its orthorhombic perovskite lattice structure and mild surface acidity, favoring cracking, deoxygenation, and coke suppression. Ce-doped LaFeO3 (x = 0.1) enhanced oxygen mobility and promoted olefin selectivity resulting in the highest overall bio-oil conversion (83.8%). At higher Ce contents (x = 0.2), CeO2 side-phase formation promoted naphthene selectivity. In contrast, Sr-, Co-, and Mo-doped LaFeO3 catalysts showed higher oxygenated content. Compared with alpha-Fe2O3/La2O3 mixed catalyst, which exhibited 16.0 wt% coke formation, LaFeO3 showed low coke deposition (0.24 wt%). Long-term stability testing of LaFeO3 revealed only a very small amount of carbon formation (1.39 wt%) and no catalyst deactivation. Similar product distributions were obtained in both short-term and long-term tests. [GRAPHICS]