Solar potential in Turkey


SÖZEN A., ARCAKLIOĞLU E.

APPLIED ENERGY, cilt.80, sa.1, ss.35-45, 2005 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 80 Sayı: 1
  • Basım Tarihi: 2005
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2004.02.003
  • Dergi Adı: APPLIED ENERGY
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.35-45
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: solar-energy potential, city, turkey, artificial neural network, formulation, NEURAL-NETWORKS, RADIATION, SUNSHINE
  • Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Most of the locations in Turkey receive abundant solar-energy, because Turkey lies in a sunny belt between 36degrees and 42 degreesN latitudes. Average annual temperature is 18 to 20 degreesC on the south coast, falls to 14-16 degreesC on the west coat, and fluctuates between 4 and 18 degreesC in the central parts. The yearly average solar-radiation is 3.6 kWh/m(2) day, and the total yearly radiation period is similar to2610 It. In this study, a new formulation based on meteorological and geographical data was developed to determine the solar-energy potential in Turkey using artificial neural-networks (ANNs). Scaled conjugate gradient (SCG), Pola-Ribiere conjugate gradient (CGP), and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) learning algorithms and logistic sigmoid (logsig) transfer function were used in the networks. Meteorological data for last four years (2000-2003) from 12 cities (Canakkale, Kars, Hakkari, Sakarya, Erzurum, Zonguldak, Balikesir, Artvin, Corum, Konya, Siirt, and Tekirdag) spread over Turkey were used in order to train the neural-network. Meteorological and geographical data (latitude, longitude, altitude, month, mean sunshine-duration, and mean temperature) are used in the input layer of the network. Solar-radiation is in the output layer. The maximum mean absolute percentage error was found to be less than 3.832% and R-2 values to be about 99.9738% for the selected stations. The ANN models show greater accuracy for evaluating solar-resource posibilities in regions where a network of monitoring stations has not been established in Turkey. This study confirms the ability of the ANN to predict solar-radiation values accurately. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.