Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Müzik Eğitimi Alanında Güncel ve Uluslararası Araştırmalar , Doç. Dr. Erhan ZETEROĞLU, Editör, Bidge Yayınları, Ankara, ss.1-12, 2025
The musical style depicted in the 20th century did not develop solely within this century. Individualism and diversity, which became apparent during the Romantic period, became increasingly widespread. Romanticism did not end with the end of this century, of course, but works created with new ideas and methods greatly weakened the influence of Romanticism. During the First World War, many composers began to abandon tradition. Mass media and excellent communication systems enabled listeners to hear music better than in previous periods and allowed composers to become aware of new ideas that were not widely heard in the past and to express their feelings. New technology led to the emergence and spread of new musical ideas and genres from all world cultures. Composers in this century began to explore different ways of dealing with tonality, with the idea of eliminating it completely. The tonic-dominant axis, which had previously been organised throughout an entire piece, was increasingly dismantled. The centre of gravity in tonal sequences was completely replaced by a sense of openness and neutrality. All kinds of dissonance could be freely used at any point in the piece. The methods that replaced tonality were polytonality, harmony in systems outside the traditional triadic system (quartal, quintal, diatonic, etc.), and new scales such as the whole-tone scale and the octatonic scale. The twelve-tone compositional technique invented by Austrian composer Arnold Schoenberg became the most influential of these new approaches in the 20th century. This system, which offered composers new ways of organising sounds in their works, abandoned the traditional tonal structure and made music a mathematically operated subject.