Acyclovir Unresponsive Herpes Simplex Encephalitis in a child successfully treated with the addition of Foscarnet. Case report

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GAYRETLİ AYDIN Z. G., Tanir G., Sel C. G., Yildiz Y. T., AYDIN TEKE T., Kaman A.

Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria, vol.117, no.1, 2019 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 117 Issue: 1
  • Publication Date: 2019
  • Doi Number: 10.5546/aap.2019.eng.e47
  • Journal Name: Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus
  • Keywords: Acyclovir, Child, Foscarnet, Herpes simplex encephalitis
  • Gazi University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is the most common cause of sporadic focal encephalitis worldwide. Acyclovir is the treatment of choice of HSE since the 1980s. After the widespread use of acyclovir, HSE related mortality rate had reduced but resistant strains emerged. Acyclovir resistant HSV incidence was reported as about 0.5 % and 3.5 %-10 % in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients, respectively. Herein, a 12-year-old immunocompetent patient with HSV-1 encephalitis who was successfully treated with combined acyclovir and foscarnet therapy is described. In the case of deteriorating clinical condition under acyclovir treatment even if the absence of demonstration of increased CSF HSV viral load, the possibility of acyclovir resistant HSE and the addition of foscarnet to the acyclovir treatment might be considered.