Outlining In Vitro and In Silico Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Twenty-Four Natural Products of Various Chemical Classes: Smilagenin, Kokusaginine, and Methyl Rosmarinate as Emboldening Inhibitors

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ŞENOL DENİZ F. S., EREN G., ERDOĞAN ORHAN İ., Sener B., ÖZGEN U., Aldaba R., ...Daha Fazla

MOLECULES, cilt.26, sa.7, 2021 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 26 Sayı: 7
  • Basım Tarihi: 2021
  • Doi Numarası: 10.3390/molecules26072024
  • Dergi Adı: MOLECULES
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aerospace Database, Biotechnology Research Abstracts, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Communication Abstracts, EMBASE, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, MEDLINE, Metadex, Veterinary Science Database, Directory of Open Access Journals, Civil Engineering Abstracts
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: natural products, Alzheimer&#8217, s disease, cholinesterase inhibition, smilagenin, kokusaginine, methyl rosmarinate, molecular docking
  • Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Cholinesterase (ChE) inhibition is an important treatment strategy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) as acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are involved in the pathology of AD. In the current work, ChE inhibitory potential of twenty-four natural products from different chemical classes (i.e., diosgenin, hecogenin, rockogenin, smilagenin, tigogenin, astrasieversianins II and X, astragalosides I, IV, and VI, cyclocanthosides E and G, macrophyllosaponins A-D, kokusaginin, lamiide, forsythoside B, verbascoside, alyssonoside, ipolamide, methyl rosmarinate, and luteolin-7-O-glucuronide) was examined using ELISA microtiter assay. Among them, only smilagenin and kokusaginine displayed inhibitory action against AChE (IC50 = 43.29 +/- 1.38 and 70.24 +/- 2.87 mu g/mL, respectively). BChE was inhibited by only methyl rosmarinate and kokusaginine (IC50 = 41.46 +/- 2.83 and 61.40 +/- 3.67 mu g/mL, respectively). IC50 values for galantamine as the reference drug were 1.33 +/- 0.11 mu g/mL for AChE and 52.31 +/- 3.04 mu g/mL for BChE. Molecular docking experiments showed that the orientation of smilagenin and kokusaginine was mainly driven by the interactions with the peripheral anionic site (PAS) comprising residues of hAChE, while kokusaginine and methyl rosmarinate were able to access deeper into the active gorge in hBChE. Our data indicate that similagenin, kokusaginine, and methyl rosmarinate could be hit compounds for designing novel anti-Alzheimer agents.