Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of Molecular Structure, cilt.1328, 2025 (SCI-Expanded)
Herbicides are chemicals used to control or manage undesirable vegetation. However, in recent times, herbicide resistance has become an increasing challenge in modern agriculture, leading to reduced crop yields and greater management difficulties. Some of the reasons for the emergence of herbicide resistance include the prolonged use of the same herbicide in agricultural fields, which allows naturally resistant individuals within the target plant species to survive and reproduce; spontaneous mutations in the genetic structure of plants that confer resistance to herbicides; the ability of some plants to produce enzymes that neutralize herbicides; and the transfer of resistance traits from one plant species to another or among different individuals of the same species through gene transfer. For these reasons, it is essential to implement integrated pest management (IPM) strategies, adopt appropriate agricultural techniques, and develop effective herbicides to prevent herbicide resistance. Structures containing nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen in herbicides are known to enhance biological activity, improve enzyme interactions, and play a critical role in herbicidal efficacy. Therefore, In this study, a new compound, 1-(4-(4-((H-tetrazol-5-yl)thio)butoxy)-2-hydroxy-3-propylphenyl)ethanone-methanesulfonylhydrazone (4cStetmsh), featuring thiotetrazole and sulfonyl hydrazone moieties commonly found in agricultural chemicals, was synthesized through an environmentally friendly method. The structure of the compound was characterized using spectroscopic methods such as FT-IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR. The preliminary bioassay indicated that many newly synthesized compounds exhibited moderate to good herbicidal activities against the monocotyledon (Sorghum, and Avena) and dicotyledon (Carthamus Tinctorius) species at concentrations of 100 mg·L−1 and 10 mg·L−1. Especially, hybrid compound displayed significant herbicidal activity, with around 75–90 % inhibition against on the steams of Sorghum at both concentrations. Additionally, molecular docking calculations were performed for enzyme inhibition studies. The Glide protocol, using the XP OPLS2005 force field, were used to analyze non-covalent interactions between the synthesized compound and the target enzyme. The 2D interactions of the 4cStetmsh compound with the ALS enzyme were analyzed by the Glide module. ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion) calculations were performed to evaluate the pharmacokinetic properties of the compound. In situ experiments were conducted on the synthesized ligand, and the results were compared with the docking results. Research in this field makes a significant contribution to understanding ligand behaviors and the development of potential new ALS enzyme inhibitors.