Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, cilt.19, sa.1, ss.1-15, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
.In this study, energy, energy, exergy, economic and environmental (4E) analysis was performed 3 using waste metal chips as a sustainable heat transfer enhancer in a thermal energy storage 4 system containing Phase Change Material (PCM) incorporation based solar energy. In this 5 paper, the multi-objective optimization using Taguchi-based Grey Relational Analysis was 6 performed, and the 4E performance effects of determined parameters on the thermal energy 7 storage system were investigated. Taguchi L9 orthogonal experimental design was used for 8 multi-objective optimization. The contribution rates of the parameters determined in the 9 experimental design were computed with the help of ANOVA analysis. The results illustrated 10 that the optimal parameters were determined as A1B3C3 with copper waste metal chips (A1), 20 gr mass of the waste metal chip (B3) and 1000 W.m-2 11 solar irradiance levels (C3), respectively. 12 It was determined that the energy and exergy efficiencies with the waste metal chips integration 13 of PCM thermal energy storage system were 94% and 16.5% , respectively, for A1B3C3 optimal 14 parameters. Also, the optimal life-cycle cost and saved CO2 emissions of the thermal energy storage system were 0.185 kJ.$-1 and 18.616 kg.year-1 15 , respectively, for the best optimal 16 parameters. ANOVA results showed that solar irradiance (77.22%) had the most significant 17 impact factor for 4E performance followed by types of waste metal chips (8.55%) and mass of 18 the waste metal chip (4.14%). As a result, it was observed that the 4E analysis of the copper 19 waste metal chip system gave the best result. This work is helpful to promote the research and 20 application of waste metal chips integration of PCM thermal energy storage system in future.