Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
CERAMICS INTERNATIONAL, cilt.52, sa.3, ss.2840-2857, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
This study was conducted to survey a comprehensive comparison of different mixing techniques on BaTiO3-graphene nanoplatelet (GNP) composites, focusing on powder homogeneity, microstructural, chemical, thermal, morphological, electrical and mechanical properties. For this purpose, we have employed scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to analyse the manual sample mixing, which led to poor dispersion and prominent graphene clusters, confirming the significant limitations of this technique in achieving uniform distribution. It was found that dispersion relative to the manual specimen mixing was improved in the presence of magnetic stirring; however, it still exhibited localized GNP agglomerations and heterogeneity. In contrast, ball milling provided the most uniform graphene distribution within the BaTiO3 matrix while effectively preserving the crystal structure of BaTiO3, as illustrated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses, respectively. Additionally, differential thermal analysis (DTA) measurements indicated stable thermal behaviour in the samples, with only minor phase changes observed during heating and cooling cycles. In addition, mechanical testing evaluations further demonstrated that ball milling resulted in significantly higher values of hardness, flexural strength and reliability than the other procedures. At the same time, electrical calculations proved the formation of well-connected graphene networks which enhanced conductivity. The main objective of the study is to highlight how the mixing method can strongly affect the process-structure-property relationships in ceramic matrix composites. We believe that our newly developed techniques provide valuable information, insights, and knowledge for optimizing the BaTiO3-GNP composite fabrication in advanced technological applications.