Upcycling of black cumin seed biomass as an electrorheological active material
RHEOLOGICA ACTA, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1007/s00397-026-01598-z
- Dergi Adı: RHEOLOGICA ACTA
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Compendex, INSPEC, zbMATH, Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Materials Science & Engineering Collection (ProQuest), Technology Collection (ProQuest)
- Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
In this study, an electrorheological (ER) fluid was developed using black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) seed biomass (BCB) powder as the dispersed phase and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as the dispersing medium. The BCB powder obtained from black cumin seeds by a cold-pressing method was washed with water, dried, and ground-milled before the ER fluid preparation stage. The BCB powder was characterized by structural, thermal, elemental, morphological, and electrical analyses. The steady-state and oscillatory rheological properties of BCB/PDMS (25 wt%) were examined under various externally applied electric field (E) strengths. The yield stress of the BCB/PDMS increased with the E without significant leakage current during the rheological measurements. The yield stress of the BCB/PDMS under 3.5 kV/mm was 225 times greater than that under off-field conditions. The BCB/PDMS exhibited rapid switching and excellent reversibility in rheological behaviors upon application and removal of the E, and good long-term ER performance under repeated on/off square E cycles. The frequency-independent plateau in elastic modulus (approximate to 110 kPa at 3.5 kV/mm) over the viscous modulus of BCB/PDMS under the E indicated the formation of a robust, permanent percolation network upon the application of the E. The rheological and dielectric measurements revealed that adsorbed small molecules remaining in the structure after the cold-pressing process played an important role in the interfacial polarization of BCB under E, as evidenced by comparing its dielectric properties with those of Soxhlet-extracted BCB with n-hexane. The BCB powder has been evaluated for a new usage as a sustainable dispersed phase in ER fluids.