Lightweight PPy-based nanofibrous membranes for highly sensitive room-temperature NH3 detection
Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, cilt.28, 2026 (ESCI, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 28
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.1016/j.ceja.2026.101484
- Dergi Adı: Chemical Engineering Journal Advances
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI), Scopus, INSPEC, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Ammonia detection, Electrospun nanofibers, Freestanding sensor, Graphitic carbon nitride, Polypyrrole, TiO2 heterojunction
- Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Sensitive and selective detection of ammonia (NH3) is essential for ensuring safety in industrial facilities and environmental monitoring. However, simultaneously achieving a high response, rapid recovery, and long-term stability at room temperature (RT) remains challenging. In this work, a freestanding polypyrrole (PPy)-coated poly(vinylidene fluoride)/titanium (IV) oxide/graphitic carbon nitride (PVDF/TiO2/g-C3N4) (PPTC) nanofiber-based chemoresistive gas sensor was fabricated and investigated. The proposed composite structure combines the high sensitivity of PPy to NH3, the ability of TiO2 to form p-n heterojunctions and enhance charge carrier modulation, the adsorption properties of g-C3N4 and a well-developed porous nanofibrous morphology with a relatively high surface area. The results of structural, morphological, thermal and surface characterizations confirmed the successful formation of the hybrid composite. Gas measurement results showed NH3 detection in the range of concentration from 1 to 100 ppm, with a maximum response of 101% toward 100 ppm of NH3. The limit of detection was 1 ppm. The PPTC-based sensor also demonstrated good linear response dependence (R2 = 0.95), response and recovery times of 106 and 188 s, respectively, and high signal repeatability under multiple measurement cycles. Besides, the sensor showed marked selectivity to NH3 compared to various target gases. The obtained gas-sensing characteristics demonstrated the efficiency of the developed multicomponent structure, representing one of the best performances among related PPy-based NH3 sensors operating at RT (23 °C).