Early childhood is a critical period in which significant changes are observed in cognitive, language, motor, social-emotional, gender, and moral development. Development is affected by many different factors such as genetics, individual differences, socioeconomic status, health, and caregivers. The aim of this study is to examine children’s language development in early childhood in terms of caregivers. The qualitative research method was used in the research. The research was carried out in the case study design, which is one of the qualitative research designs. The study group of the research consists of 11 children of 36-42 months studying in private and public preschool education institutions in Istanbul in the fall semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. The research data were collected by the researcher by making 30-minute observations in the natural classroom environments of the children. The researcher observed the children without participating and noted every word the children said. The descriptive analysis method was used in analyzing the data. As a result of the research, it has been found that the children who grow up with their parents and paid caregivers have more advanced competence in the basic language components than the children who grow up with their grandparents.