Enhanced mechanical strength and water resistance of bamboo/epoxy composites using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-treated fibers for structural applications

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Fatima N., Tahir D., Rehan M., Abdul Karim M. R., Raza S. A.

International Journal of Materials Research, vol.117, no.2-3, pp.107-116, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus) identifier identifier

  • Publication Type: Article / Article
  • Volume: 117 Issue: 2-3
  • Publication Date: 2026
  • Doi Number: 10.1515/ijmr-2025-0084
  • Journal Name: International Journal of Materials Research
  • Journal Indexes: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Chemical Abstracts Core, Chimica, Compendex
  • Page Numbers: pp.107-116
  • Keywords: bamboo fiber, epoxy, fiber surface modification, mechanical properties, polyvinyl alcohol
  • Gazi University Affiliated: Yes

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) treatment on bamboo long fibers to improve their performance in epoxy composites. Bamboo fibers were treated with PVA solutions at 1 %, 3 %, and 5 % and incorporated into epoxy matrices fabricated by hand lay-up. Microscopy revealed that 3 % PVA formed a uniform coating on fiber surfaces, enhancing adhesion with the matrix. Mechanical testing showed that PVA treatment improved tensile strength (from 32 to 39 MPa) and modulus (from 0.9 to 1.8 GPa), while impact resistance slightly decreased due to restricted fiber pull-out. Water absorption was also reduced, with 3 % PVA composites exhibiting the lowest uptake. Overall, PVA treatment is demonstrated as an effective and environmentally friendly modification method that enhances the mechanical strength and durability of bamboo/epoxy composites, making them more suitable for structural applications.