JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY C, cilt.12, ss.15276-15309, 2024 (SCI-Expanded)
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) with high sensitivity/selectivity is a powerful analytical
tool and has been widely used, particularly in the fields of chemistry, spectroscopy, molecular detection,
food safety, anti-counterfeiting, and environmental monitoring. Conventional SERS detection relies on
plasmonic materials (e.g., Au and Ag nanostructures) with exceedingly high enhancement factors up to
1012. However, these substrates encounter significant limitations, including poor reproducibility, high
cost, lack of selectivity, limited SERS active area leading to inconsistent field enhancement and SERS
signals, and the possibility of the photothermal decomposition of the analyte species. These drawbacks
have the potential to impede detection accuracy and hinder large-scale practical applications. This
review focuses on alternative approaches based on noble metal-free SERS substrates. Considering
recent advancements in the field of SERS active platforms, we first introduce the implementation of
inorganic compounds, including metal oxides, transition metal sulfides/-selenides/-tellurides, 2-D
layered transition metal carbides and nitrides (Mxenes), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), and single
elemental inorganic materials for Raman signal enhancement applications. In the second part of the
review, we highlight the fast-growing field of SERS-active organic platforms. Moreover, we discuss the
promises and challenges for the future direction of organic and inorganic material-based SERS.