Exploitation of parasitic elements in beam-shaping applications of super-directive antenna arrays Süper yönlü anten dizilerinin işin şekillendirme uygulamalarında parazitik elemanların kullanımı
Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, cilt.41, sa.2, ss.785-793, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus, TRDizin)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 41 Sayı: 2
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.17341/gazimmfd.1681152
- Dergi Adı: Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Art Source, Compendex, TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM), Academic Search Ultimate (EBSCO), Engineering Source (EBSCO)
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.785-793
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Antenna arrays, impedance mismatch, realized gain, Super-directive antenna arrays
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Super-directive antenna arrays (SDAAs) face fundamental challenges such as impedance mismatch and low efficiency, which significantly limit their practical applications. These issues adversely affect the realized gain of SDAAs, overshadowing their high directivity advantage compared to conventional antenna arrays. Additionally, the confinement of maximum radiation to the end-fire direction presents a major limitation for practical implementations. In this study, a novel antenna array geometry is proposed that not only enhances the realized gain but also steers the radiation toward the desired direction by employing parasitic elements in conjunction with particle swarm optimization (PSO). The impact of parasitic elements on the radiation is analyzed using mathematical models, and a new algorithm is developed to control radiation patterns via reactive loads. Subsequently, two compact dipole antenna arrays with hexagonal and T-shaped configurations, consisting of three active and four parasitic elements, are designed and analyzed. Electromagnetic solver-based simulations demonstrate that the proposed geometries hold significant potential for enabling the use of SDAAs in 6G and beyond, particularly in high-mobility applications.