Xq27.3–q28 duplication involving the FMR1 gene presenting with familial X-linked hypogonadism, gynecomastia, short stature, intellectual disability, and obesity syndrome: a case report and review of the literature


OKTAY M. A., Küçükali E. T. T., Kayhan G., DÖĞER E., ÇAMURDAN M. O., BİDECİ A.

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, cilt.39, sa.7, ss.711-715, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 39 Sayı: 7
  • Basım Tarihi: 2026
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1515/jpem-2025-0693
  • Dergi Adı: Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, BIOSIS, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Health Research Premium Collection (ProQuest)
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.711-715
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: FMR1 gene, gynecomastia, hypogonadism, intellectual disability, obesity syndrome, Xq27.3–q28
  • Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

Objectives: Duplications involving the Fragile X Mental Retardation 1 (FMR1) gene at Xq27.3–q28 underlie a rare but clinically distinctive genetic syndrome. This report aims to describe the clinical features of a pediatric male patient presenting with morbid obesity, hypogonadism, gynecomastia, short stature, and neurodevelopmental disorders, and to compare the findings with previously reported cases. Case presentation: A 17-year-old male presented to our clinic for obesity. He was followed by a child psychiatrist with diagnoses of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and moderate intellectual disability. Physical examination showed morbid obesity, bilateral gynecomastia, and reduced testicular volume. Endocrine evaluation demonstrated hypergonadotropic hypogonadism. Genetic testing identified a 5.5 Mb interstitial duplication at Xq27.3–q28 involving FMR1, inherited from his mother. Conclusions: This patient represents the youngest living individual with a familial Xq27.3–q28 duplication reported to date. The syndrome resulting from FMR1 gene overdosage is characterized by combined neurodevelopmental and endocrine/metabolic abnormalities. FMR1 duplications should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pediatric patients presenting with similar clinical features.