Safety assessment of high fructose corn syrup and fructose used as sweeteners in foods


Bülbül S. N., Mamur S., Yuzbasioglu D., Unal F.

TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS, cilt.34, sa.5, ss.584-595, 2024 (SCI-Expanded) identifier identifier identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 34 Sayı: 5
  • Basım Tarihi: 2024
  • Doi Numarası: 10.1080/15376516.2024.2318570
  • Dergi Adı: TOXICOLOGY MECHANISMS AND METHODS
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, Academic Search Premier, Aquatic Science & Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA), BIOSIS, CAB Abstracts, Chemical Abstracts Core, Environment Index, Food Science & Technology Abstracts, MEDLINE, Veterinary Science Database
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.584-595
  • Anahtar Kelimeler: cytotoxicity, food sweeteners, fructose, genotoxicity, High fructose corn syrup
  • Gazi Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) and Fructose (FR) are widely used sweeteners in many foods and beverages. This study aimed at investigating the cytotoxic effects of HFCS (5%-30%) and FR (62.5-2000 mu g/mL) using MTT assay in Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) cells, and genotoxic effects of using Chromosome Aberrations (CAs), Sister Chromatid Exchanges (SCEs), Micronuclei (MN) and comet assays in human lymphocytes. HFCS significantly reduced the cell viability in HepG2 cells at between 7.5% and 30% for 24 and 48 h. 30% HFCS caused a very significant toxic effect. FR had a cytotoxic effect in HepG2 cells at all treatments. However, as fructose concentration decreased, the cell viability decreased. HFCS (10%-20%) and FR (250-2000 mu g/mL) decreased the mitotic index at higher concentrations. IC50 value was found to be a 15% for 48 h. IC50 value of FR was detected as 62.5 mu g/mL for 24 h and 48 h. HFCS significantly increased CAs frequency at 15% and 20%. FR significantly increased the frequency of CAs at 250, 1000, and 2000 mu g/mL for 48 h. Both sweeteners increased the frequency of SCEs at all concentrations. HFCS (15% and 20%) and FR (250, 1000, and 2000 mu g/mL) induced MN frequency at higher concentrations. HFCS caused DNA damage in comet assay at 10% -30%. FR increased tail intensity and moment at 125-2000 mu g/mL and tail length at 62.5, 250 and 500 mu g/mL. Therefore, HFCS and FR are clearly seen to be cytotoxic and genotoxic, especially at higher concentrations. HFCS and FR exhibited cytotoxic effect at HepG2 and human lymphocytes at higher concentrations.Both sweeteners increased the frequencies of CAs and SCEs at higher concentrations.HFCS caused DNA damage at 10% -30% concentrations.HFCS (15% and 20%) and FR (250, 1000, and 2000 mu g/mL) induced MN frequency.